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The Other Path: The Black Market Economies of Peru(31 images)
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  • Andahualas, Peru, 2 February 2007 - Juana Suerte Lua waves her whip to stop her sheep from running down the side of the mountain. Suerte Lua lives high up in the Andes, in the puno, where she tends to her flock of sheep and alpaca, as well as growing a modest amount of potatoes and corn, mostly for her own consumption. Her husband of 23 years left her ten years ago, and with her children now gone to the city, she lives alon with her two dogs in a straw hut. She says she stays here in order to be able to watch over her animals and because she loves the beauty of the area. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Chupaca, Peru, Jan. 27, 2007 - Grandmother, Zedora Oseda, right, laughs with her daughter, Esperanza Sonario, as Sonario?s husband, Marco, tries to fit all of his sheep into their Toyota hatchback. The family left with 27 sheep in and on top of the car. The animal market is a staple of the region, where families come to buy and sell chickens, sheep, pigs, cows, and goats, as well as those who slaughter the animals and sell of individual parts.. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Hualhuas, Peru, Jan. 19, 2007 - Siblings, Elmas and Eli Q'ispe, play a game with rope while their father and uncle bag shaved bark, used for making brick, in a pit behind the gate. Elmas was trying to take the rope from Eli by yanking it, so she let go when he did not expect it and he went tumbling. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Hualhuas, PERU, Jan. 19, 2007 ? Labariana Mendoza, stands watch over her and her sister?s sheep while also knitting a scarf, in a pasture near her house. Hualhaus is a small town northwest of Huancayo in the Central Highlands that is known for its fine weavings. Life here exists has it has for centuries. The people raise their own sheep and alpaca, hand-spin their own threads, and make their own natural dyes from grinding roots leaves flowers, fruits and minerals, much as it was done by the pre-Incan cultures of the Nasca and Paracas. Many of the towns in the Mantaro Valley are known for specific crafts. They have begun to market themselves to raise tourism and bring money directly to the towns, rather than having to send their wares of to markets and pay much of their profits to middlemen. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Ayacucho, Peru, Jan., 31, 2007 - Julia Huasaca, washes clothes in her family's yard while her husband, Mario Huasaca, tends to the family?s cattle and sheep in their home in the mountains above Ayacucho. The family lives there with out benefit of any government assistance, such as electricity, running water or trash collection. Julia says that they are fine without the government, as they make due fine on their own. Many villages throughout Peru subsist without any government assistance, opting instead to rely on their own creativity and ingenuity to survive. . By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Andahualas, Peru, Feb, 2, 2007 - While on summer break from school, Saida Basques, spends her time working the potato fields high in the mountains above Andahuaylas, along with the rest of her family. Her brothers and father work the fields, her mother cooks breakfast and lunch for the crew, and she carries water to the hands. She says she enjoys being there because she loves being close to her family. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Isla de Amantani, Lake Titicaca, Peru, 27 February 2007 - From left, Maralene Mamani Lanorilo, Elias Mamani Yanarico and Raquel Yanarico work to till a patch of land high in the hills above their village on the island of Amantani. The family uses the land to grow corn and potatoes, as well as a place for their animals to graze. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Ayacucho, Peru, Jan., 31, 2007 - Teofila Huaman Oré works to pick prickly pears from cactus in the mountains above Ayacucho. The fruit, which are sold in towns throughout the Andes, are a staple crop for many too poor to own their own farm. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Chinchero, Peru, March 4, 2007 - Tatiana Canadramh nourishes her baby, Lisar, at the local market in Chinchero. The market, which now brings in many tourist, is still a staple to the economy for the many locals who live and work in the region. . By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Chinchero, Peru, Mar. 4, 2007 - By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Chupaca, Peru, Jan. 27, 2007 - Zedoro Alejo Castro, right, smiles at his recently purchased cow, from owner, Felix Oseda, foreground, at the Saturday animal market in Chupaca. The animal market is a staple of the region, where families come to buy and sell chickens, sheep, pigs, cows, and goats, as well as those who slaughter the animals and sell of individual parts. The Mantaro Valley is an agricultural region that exists largely without benefit of government services. The locals have created these unofficial markets to fulfill their daily needs. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Huancayo, Peru, Jan. 23, 2006 - The remains of political posters for Angel Mendoza Poves, who ran for Candidato a la Presidencia Regional de Junín. In Peru, many run on platforms of helping the poor, but do little once they are in office. The problem is many of the laws are written to benefit specific offices, which are another way of promoting corruption. In Peru, as in many developing countries, market economies have a difficult time flourishing because the system is defined by the supply and demand for monopoly rights by means of laws, regulations, taxes, subsidies and licenses. The fallout of these privileges creates a wall of legal barriers that exclude the poor. The class warfare being waged is not a horizontal line between worker and entrepreneurs, but rather a vertical one, to the right of which are politicians, bureaucrats, and businessmen who profit and live off of the government's favor and to the left are the legal and extralegal producers who are excluded from favor. In Peru it takes on average 13 years for an entrepreneur to overcome the legal and administrative hurdles required to build a retail food market that would help to take vendors off of the street; twenty six months to operate a new bus route; and nearly a year, working six hours a day to gain the legal authorization to operate a sewing machine for commercial purpose. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Pisaq, PERU, Feb. 18, 2007 - As a part of the Carnival celebrations, young boys and men from the nearby village of Yucay wait in traditional dress for their chance to dance in the Pisaq festival. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Izcuchaca, Peru, Feb. 4, 2007 - A man pays for a glass of chicha de jora in a small village bar. The bar is a one-room place where the locals gather to share stories and watch television. Chicha is a fermented drink, similar in taste to hard apple cider, that is prepared by grounding the corn into a powder, then moistened by chewing in the chicha makers mouth - which releases the starch - and then it is laid out to dry. It is later fermented in plastic jars. Though it dates back to the Incas, it has become increasingly rare, and is only found these days in small Andean villages such as this. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Cusco, Peru, Jan. 7, 2006 - Maria Albiendro, pulls down a strip of beef for customer, Fernanda Q'ismo, in the San Pedro Market, as a native woman sits in the street below begging for change. Albiendro, who has been a butcher for over forty years, is one of the few legal merchants in the market. Recent changes in the law have allowed her to pay taxes that are more reasonable, and the time to gain her license has dropped from 26 months to just two. Her family also has stalls in the market selling eggs, cheese and produce, all grown and raised at her families nearby farm. She hopes that by becoming legal she will be able to pass her business along to her children. Sadly, corruption and unfair business laws still keep others out of the legal market system, forcing many to take up begging as the only option for income. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Cusco, Peru, Jan. 7, 2007 - Locals enjoy lunch at one of the many 'unofficial' food vendors at the Mercado San Pedro. It can take over two years and can cost over $8,000 to overcome the legal and administrative hurdles required just to open a food stall. At the heart of the problem is system that is built on graft and cronyism. The class warfare being waged is not a horizontal line between worker and entrepreneurs, but rather a vertical one, to the right of which are politicians, bureaucrats, and businessmen who profit and live off of the government?s favor and to the left are the legal and extralegal producers who are excluded from favor. It is the poor who suffer, but because these extralegal entrepreneurs make up 70% of the population, and 54% of all businesses in Peru, it is the country as a whole that is missing an opportunity to grow into a stable market economy. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Cusco, Peru, Jan. 7, 2006 - Aña Pacheco, 12, jokingly threatens her brother with a knife because he was teasing her about her carving of their pumpkins, sold from her family's wheelbarrow in an unofficial market near Tupac Amaru. Pacheco?s family sells produce grown on their land in the hillside outside of town. She wheels the produce several miles into town each day to sell. Corruption in the form of high taxes and long waits for permits and licenses prevent many from legally entering the marketplace. It can take over two years to gain a permit to sell produce and cost over $8,000. The per capita income of Peru is $6,000 per year, though over 54%, including Pacheco?s family, live below the poverty line of $648 per year, making it impossible to afford the legal route. As a result, many have created markets and economies out of necessity that are organized and very efficient and allow those outside of the legal economy to make a living. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Huancayo, PERU, Jan. 23, 2006 - Three generations of women sell coca leaves near the Mercado Mayorista. The leaves, locally known as mate de coca, are steeped as tea and are used to aid in digestion, altitude sickness and to stave off hunger for the poor. In Peru, 54% of the population lives below the poverty line of $54 per month, and another 20% fall under the extreme poverty line of $27 per month. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Cusco, Peru, Jan. 7, 2006 - A curious dog wanders over to inspect a cow's head sitting on a block awaiting separation in an undocumented market near Tupac Amaru. Stray dogs number in the thousands in Cusco. They tear through garbage bags left for collection, fight over scraps and wander the markets in search of handouts or other opportunities, such as here. Fortunately for the butcher, he was close enough to prevent the dog from making away with the cow, but he did offer it a few scraps. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Ayacucho, Peru, Jan. 30, 2007 - A young girl collapses while dancing wildly in a makeshift Pentecostal church. Though unconscious and bleeding, the churchgoers continue to stand over her and chant. Churchgoer, Victor Samor said this was God's way of releasing evil spirits from her body. Though still the predominant religion in Peru, Catholicism has been on a steady decline since the country gained its independence from Spain. In the rural and poorer areas, many Peruanos have returned to their native religions or have found hope in Protestant religions. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Cusco, Peru, Feb. 14, 2007 - With a view of the church of Santa Domingo in the background, man walks through the Plaza de Armas on a chilly day. The church was also the site of Coricancha, which was Cusco's major Inca temple. The church has twice been destroyed by earthquakes, once in 1650 and again in 1950. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Iquitos, Peru, Jan. 13, 2007 - Young boys unload boats of bananas fresh from the jungle for the Belen Market. Made up of dozens of city blocks, the market is the primary market in Iquitos and it is the lifeblood of the city. Many of the residents of the floating city of Belen operate as both distibutors - by ferrying vegetables, produce, meat and medicines from the jungle to the market - and as merchants - where they sell these goods in outdoor stalls. The market provides the city with all of its needs, including clothing, tools, coal, wood, fruits, vegetables, fish and jungle meat, such as monkey, turtle, deer, and rodent. It is an informal market, meaning it operates outside of the law and it merchants do not pay any taxes. Though many of the goods are legal, many are not, such as monkey, turtle and during breeding season, Paische, a local prehistoric fish. Because it is such an integral part of the city, the police look the other way with regard to the illegal activity. By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Iquitos, Peru, Jan. 14, 2007 - In an effort to avoid the excessive summer heat, group of friends share some beers and watch television at a nameless bar in the Mercado de Bélen, the lifeblood of Iquitos. The market supplies the city with the majority of its needs, from jungle fruits and vegetables, fish, jungle meat, such as turtle, monkey, deer and rodent, clothing, tools, coal, wood, and even medicine. It is a mostly informal market, meaning many operate outside of the law and do not pay taxes. Because of its importance to the city, the police do little to monitor its activities. Because many merchants are not legal, they do not have benefit of an address or title, which is why they go unnamed. . By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Iquitos, Peru, Jan. 13, 2007 - By photographer daryl peveto
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  • Iquitos, Peru, Jan. 11, 2007 - Two young boys bath while their mother washes clothes and their father finishes his swim, under their home in Bélen, a small poverty-stricken area built along the flats of the Amazon River. It is comprised of homes built on stilts or of floating balsa wood. During the wet season the river rises several meters causing those on stilts upstairs and all other to float. During the afternoons the temperatures can reach 100 degrees, so many do activities near or in the river, such as swimming, bathing and washing clothes or dishes.. By photographer daryl peveto
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